Evogeneao: The Tree of Life
https://www.evogeneao.com/explore/tree-of-life-explorer Nice web tool. Particularly good for interactively #visualizing human #evolution relative to that of other species
Cancer’s Invasion Eqn, by @DrSidMukherjee
https://www.NewYorker.com/magazine/2017/09/11/cancers-invasion-equation terms: Soil-v-seed, metastasis matching + overcoming “denominator” problem
QT:{{”
“This is medicine’s “denominator problem.” The numerator is you—the person who gets ill. The denominator is everyone at risk, including all the other passengers who were exposed. Numerators are easy to study. Denominators are hard. Numerators come to the doctor’s office, congested and miserable. They get blood tests and prescriptions. Denominators go home from the subway station, heat up dinner, and watch “The Strain.” The numerator persists. The denominator vanishes.” “}}
https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v47/n3/full/ng.3214.html
Big Bang model of…tumor growth, v. slow #evolution under selection https://www.Nature.com/ng/journal/v47/n3/full/ng.3214.html #Cancer is born w/ key mutations all there
Andrea Sottoriva,
Haeyoun Kang,
Zhicheng Ma,
Trevor A Graham,
Matthew P Salomon,
Junsong Zhao,
Paul Marjoram,
Kimberly Siegmund,
Michael F Press,
Darryl Shibata
& Christina Curtis
Nature Genetics 47, 209–216 (2015) doi:10.1038/ng.3214
Temporal Collateral Sensitivity in Tumor…Evolution
http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)30059-9 Drug-fitness landscape illuminates transiently vulnerable state
Exploiting Temporal Collateral Sensitivity in Tumor Clonal Evolution
Boyang Zhao
Joseph C. Sedlak
Raja Srinivas
Pau Creixell
Justin R. Pritchard
Bruce Tidor
Douglas A. Lauffenburger
Michael T. Hemann
The Ascent of #Mammals
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-ascent-of-mammals/ Overview of their slow growth & coexistence w. dinosaurs, not just advent after KT asteroid
Neutral tumor #evolution across #cancer types
http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v48/n3/full/ng.3489.html Initial burst of driver events followed by random mutations
Spatial genomic heterogeneity w/in…prostate #cancer
http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v47/n7/full/ng.3315.html WGS analysis of many sites suggests divergent tumor evolution
Boutros…, van der Kwast, Bristow (2015) “Spatial genomic
heterogeneity within localized, multi-focal prostate cancer” Nature Genetics 47(7):736-745 (PMID: 26005866)
This work represents the first systematic relation of intraprostatic genomic heterogeneity to predicted clinical outcomes at the level of whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Five patients, with index tumors of Gleason score 7, were subjected to a WGS protocol with spatial sampling of 23 distinct tumor regions to assess intraprostatic heterogeneity. In their analysis, Boutros et al, discovered recurrent amplification of MYCL, which is associated with TP53 loss. This finding is one of the first clear functional distinctions between MYC family members in prostate cancer and suggests that MYCL amplification may be preferentially localized in the index lesion. Overall, the authors believe their results are useful in the development of prognostic biomarkers that are necessary to achieve personalized prostate cancer medicine. It is important to note that such diagnostic biopsy protocols can miss regions of more aggressive cancers resulting in the patient being under-staged.
Folding by Chaperones Accelerates Evolutionary Dynamics
http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003269 Multiscale models link NT mutations, PPIs & cell populations
Punctuated equilibrium in the large-scale #evolution of #programming languages http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/12/107/20150249 Clustering groups these into trees
Punctuated equilibrium in the large-scale evolution of programming languages
Sergi Valverde, Ricard V. Solé
Did natural #selection make the Dutch the tallest people on the
planet? http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/04/did-natural-selection-make-dutch-tallest-people-planet Height spurt in last century not all nurture
QT:{{”
“This study drives home the message that the human population is still subject to natural selection,” says Stephen Stearns, an evolutionary biologist at Yale University who wasn’t involved in the study. “It strikes at the core of our understanding of human nature, and how malleable it is.” It also confirms what Stearns knows from personal experience about the population in the northern Netherlands, where the study took place: “Boy, they are tall.”
…
“For many years, the U.S. population was the tallest in the world. In the 18th century, American men were 5 to 8 centimeters taller than those in the Netherlands. Today, Americans are the fattest, but they lost the race for height to northern Europeans—including Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, and Estonians—sometime in the 20th century.
Just how these peoples became so tall isn’t clear, however. Genetics has an important effect on body height: Scientists have found at least 180 genes that influence how tall you become. Each one has only a small effect, but together, they may explain up to 80% of the variation in height within a population. Yet environmental factors play a huge role as well. The children of Japanese immigrants to Hawaii, for instance, grew much taller than their parents. Scientists assume that a diet rich in milk and meat played a major role.
The Dutch have become so much taller in such a short period that scientists chalk most of it up to their changing environment. As the Netherlands developed, it became one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of cheese and milk. An increasingly egalitarian distribution of wealth and universal access to health care may also have helped.”
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