linkstream2 microblog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Stoddard_Burks

http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/B/ButFor.aspx

http://causality.cs.ucla.edu/blog/index.php/2016/06/28/on-the-classification-and-subsumption-of-causal-models/

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The taxonomy that has helped me immensely is the three-level hierarchy described in chapter 1 of my book Causality: 1. association, 2. intervention, and 3 counterfactuals. It is a useful hierarchy because it has an objective criterion for the classification: You cannot answer questions at level i unless you have assumptions from level i or higher.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation_(statistics)

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Intuitively, IVs are used when an explanatory variable of interest is correlated with the error term, in which case ordinary least squares and ANOVA give biased results.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_variables_estimation

Climbing the ladder of causality, by @MichielStock
https://MichielStock.github.io/causality/ Nice description of the “DO operator” & some of the maths in @yudapearl’s Book of Why

Why the Father of Modern #Statistics Didn’t Believe Smoking Caused
Cancer https://priceonomics.com/why-the-father-of-modern-statistics-didnt-believe/ Interesting article on how even geniuses can be wrong. With a great line: “If he were alive today, Ronald Fisher would have one hell of a Twitter account.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Hill_criteria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill

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Sir Austin Bradford Hill FRS[1] (8 July 1897 – 18 April 1991), English epidemiologistand statistician, pioneered the randomized clinical trial and, together with Richard Doll, demonstrated the connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Hill is widely known for pioneering the “Bradford Hill” criteria for determining a causal association.[2][3]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Doctors_Study

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The British Doctors’ Study was a prospective cohort study which ran from 1951 to 2001, and in … Context[edit]. Although there had been suspicions of a link between smokingand various diseases, the evidence for this link had been largely circumstantial. … The original study was run by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill.
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