linkstream2 microblog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch’s_postulates
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Koch’s postulates are the following:

1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._B._Ford
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Edmund Brisco "Henry" Ford FRS Hon. FRCP (23 April 1901 – 21 January 1988) was a British … His work on the wild populations of butterflies and moths was the first to show that the predictions made by R.A. Fisher were correct.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Doctors_Study
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The British Doctors’ Study was a prospective cohort study which ran from 1951 to 2001, and in … Context[edit]. Although there had been suspicions of a link between smokingand various diseases, the evidence for this link had been largely circumstantial. … The original study was run by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill.
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http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183306
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In 1950, when Wynder and Graham published their landmark article in JAMA about the link between smoking and lung cancer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_sweeps’_carcinoma

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Chimney sweep’s cancer, also called Soot wart, is a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the scrotum. It has the distinction of being the first reported form of occupational cancer, and was initially identified by Percivall Pott in 1775.[1] It was initially noticed as being prevalent amongst chimney sweeps.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9164814
Bailar JC 3rd1, Gornik HL.NEJM

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Despite decades of basic and clinical research and trials of promising new therapies, cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We assessed overall progress against cancer in the United States from 1970 through 1994 by analyzing changes in age-adjusted mortality rates."}}

http://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/18/science/cancer-progress-are-the-statistics-telling-the-truth.html?pagewanted=all

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– John Cairns, a cancer analyst at the Harvard School of Public Health, likens the statistical advances reported by official cancer agencies and leading cancer scientists to the inflated and meaningless body counts used to measure progress in the Vietnam War. ”Their body counts are way too high,” he said in an interview. ”It’s like interrogating a general in Saigon. They come up with statistics that don’t add up.”
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoxifen
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In the late 1950s, pharmaceutical companies were actively researching a newly discovered class of anti-estrogen compounds in the hope of developing a morning-after contraceptive pill. Arthur L Walpole was a reproductive endocrinologist who led such a team at the Alderley Park research laboratories of ICI Pharmaceuticals. It was there in 1966 that Dora Richardson first synthesised tamoxifen, known then as ICI-46,474.[59] Walpole and his colleagues filed a UK patent covering this compound in 1962, but patent protection on this compound was repeatedly denied in the US until the 1980s.[60]

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