https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill

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Sir Austin Bradford Hill FRS[1] (8 July 1897 – 18 April 1991), English epidemiologistand statistician, pioneered the randomized clinical trial and, together with Richard Doll, demonstrated the connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Hill is widely known for pioneering the "Bradford Hill" criteria for determining a causal association.[2][3]

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http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/science/emil-frei-iii-who-put-cancer-cures-in-reach-dies-at-89.html?_r=0

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In the mid-1950s, Dr. Frei, along with Dr. Emil J. Freireich, a colleague at the National Cancer Institute, and others, began investigating a multipronged assault on childhood leukemia that entailed using these drugs in combination, with each attacking a different aspect of cancer-cell physiology.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lasker

http://www.jimmyfund.org/about-us/about-the-jimmy-fund/history-of-the-jimmy-fund/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Gilman,_Sr.

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Alfred Zack Gilman (February 5, 1908 – January 13, 1984) was an Americanpharmacologist best known for pioneering early chemotherapy techniques usingnitrogen mustard with his colleague, Louis S. Goodman. The pair also published the classic textbook The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics in 1941, and Gilman served as an editor for its first six editions. Gilman served on the faculties of the Yale School of Medicine, the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where he founded the Department of Pharmacology.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_raid_on_Bari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsphenamine

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Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is a drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment forsyphilis, and was also used to treat trypanosomiasis.[2] This organoarsenic compound was the first modern chemotherapeutic agent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-chain_theory

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Borrowing a concept used by Emil Fischer in 1894 to explain the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate, Ehrlich proposed that binding of the receptor to an infectious agent was like the fit between a lock and key. He published the first part of his side-chain theory in 1897, and its full form in 1900 in a lecture he delivered to the Royal Society in London.[4]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6hler_synthesis

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The Wöhler synthesis is the conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea.[1] This chemical reaction was discovered in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler in an attempt to synthesize ammonium cyanate. It is considered the starting point of modern organic chemistry. Although the Wöhler reaction concerns the conversion of ammonium cyanate, this salt appears only as an (unstable) intermediate.

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http://www.wollheim-memorial.de/en/entstehung_der_deutschen_farbenindustrie_en

The Genesis of the German Dye Industry in the Nineteenth Century