Lactic acid fermentation – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation
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The main method of producing yogurt is through the lactic acid fermentation of milk with harmless bacteria.[9][14] The primary bacteria used are typically Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, and United States as well as European law requires all yogurts to contain these two cultures (though others may be added as probiotic cultures).[14] These bacteria produce lactic acid in the milk culture, decreasing its pH and causing it to congeal. The bacteria also produce compounds that give yogurt its distinctive flavor. An additional effect of the lowered pH is the incompatibility of the acidic environment with many other types of harmful
bacteria.[9][14]
For a probiotic yogurt, additional types of bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus are also added to the culture.[14]
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