linkstream2 microblog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Marshall

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Barry James Marshall, AC,[1] FRACP, FRS,[3] FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall and Robin Warrenshowed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the cause of most peptic ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine holding that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. This discovery has allowed for a breakthrough in understanding a causative link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047495/

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Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus has been linked epidemiologically to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma for more than 30 years.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames_test

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The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. More formally, it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds.
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http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evarts_Ambrose_Graham

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Graham himself had been a long-term cigarette smoker until his own research supported a link between smoking and disease, and he ironically died from lung cancer in 1957.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Hill_criteria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch’s_postulates
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Koch’s postulates are the following:

1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._B._Ford
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Edmund Brisco "Henry" Ford FRS Hon. FRCP (23 April 1901 – 21 January 1988) was a British … His work on the wild populations of butterflies and moths was the first to show that the predictions made by R.A. Fisher were correct.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Doctors_Study
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The British Doctors’ Study was a prospective cohort study which ran from 1951 to 2001, and in … Context[edit]. Although there had been suspicions of a link between smokingand various diseases, the evidence for this link had been largely circumstantial. … The original study was run by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill.
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http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183306
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In 1950, when Wynder and Graham published their landmark article in JAMA about the link between smoking and lung cancer
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